Although this presentation was done at the Sullivan Summit which I attended from day one to the end, I got this article through the web and I found it interesting since people never seem to agree on where HIV/AIDS originated from. But we all know that bushmeat is a health hazard and these are some of the possibilities.

I would love to see your comments on this issue.

Iregi Mwenja

USFWS MENTOR Fellow

Central Africa: Expert Blames Aids, Ebola to Bush Meat

The Citizen(Dar es Salaam) 6th June 2008

By; Zephania Ubwani
Arusha

Consumption of bushmeat may have fueled the emergence of viral diseases including HIV/Aids and Ebola, among people in the Congo basin, a scientist warned yesterday.

Dr John B. Flynn, director of Usaid-supported Central Africa regional programme for the environment said there is evidence that HIV has been transmitted to humans by wild chimpanzees, one of the most hunted animals in the Congo basin.

He told the last session of the 8th Sullivan Summit that medical researchers were concerned that bushmeat trade could not only eliminate primate populations in the area, but could also spread HIV/Aids,

Ebola, monkey fox and related hemorrhagic fevers.

He said although some populations of wild chimpanzees tolerated closely-related SIV virus with few harmful effects, medical researchers were concerned that bush meat trade would eliminate the endangered chimpanzees and other primates.

Should that happen, the potentially invaluable information that could have been provided by the on-going trials on the cure of Aids using primates would also disappear, the scientist further warned.

According to him, the pool of viruses resident in wildlife populations, especially the primates, has created substantial threat of zonotic diseases transmissions from animals to humans through active hunting and consumption of wildlife.

“The bushmeat issue is thus an issue of global concern. It is one of the most severe threats to many large and medium sized mammals in Central African forests,” he said, adding that bush meat has also found its way on the dining tables in town markets in the region.

He said the dramatic reduction in mammal populations and the massive felling of trees could lead to ecological disruption of the complex ecosystem in the second largest tropical forest belt after the Amazon in South America.

The World Resources Institute, a Washington-based global organisation dealing with natural resources, estimates that about 50 per cent of Central Africa’s forests, under which the Congo basin falls, are under logging leases.

“This means the commercial logging sector must be involved and cooperate in order to bring about forest conservation and sustainable use of the natural resources there,” he pointed out.

The Congo basin contains about 20 per cent of the world’s moist tropical forests. Although deforestation there is relatively low compared with other tropical zones, scientists say the forest loss there is substantial, corresponding to 21,668 square kilometers for a 10 year period.

The basin is believed to be the source of Africa’s existing biological diversity. Of the estimated 8,000 plant species found there, about 80 per cent are endemic to the region, according to the expert.

“It is also the riches area for fauna in terms of numbers and level of endemism, with 655 species of birds and 58 species of mammals, about half of them endemic to the area,” Dr Flynn explained, adding that of these, 16 bird species and 23 mammal species are considered threatened.

The region supports the world’s largest population of lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos (pygmy chimpanzees) and forest elephants.

The Congo basin forest partnership was launched in 2002 in Johannesburg during the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) by the United States and South Africa along with 27 public and private partners to promote conservation of natural resources in Central African forests.



Comments:
9 Comments posted on "Bushmeat blamed for transmission of AIDS and Ebola to human"

[…] Priscilla wrote an interesting post today onHere’s a quick excerptAlthough this presentation was done at the Sullivan Summit which I attended from day one to the end, I only this through the web and I found it interesting since people never seem to agree on where HIV/AIDS originated from. … […]


antonio canella italy on June 10th, 2008 at 12:54 pm

i am a doctor.
I agree about the origin probably from the bushmeat of diseases like AIDS or hemmoragic fever.
The virus are “closed” in the forest ecosistem in the past: logging, hunting,etc have exposed the people to new diseases


Wanda, Atlanta on June 10th, 2008 at 3:08 pm

I work at the CDC in Atlanta and have always believed this to be a fact.
I just wish the people would listen and stop doing this horrible act.


sheryl, washington dc on June 11th, 2008 at 7:09 am

Well, that is interesting. So, what’s going to happen first? Human apes will kill off all the non-human apes for dinner or we’ll all die of AIDS? Until human apes see the benefits of a vegan diet and lifestyle for themselves (because nothing is as self-centered as a human ape), for the environment, and for wildlife conservation, we’re doomed to fail. We will fail to save non-human primate species because we speak with a forked tongue when it comes to the purpose of non-human animals on this planet. You can’t tell people that it’s OK to factory farm or otherwise farm animals for food and then tell them it’s not OK to hunt whatever’s moving in the wild.

s.


bushmeateastafrica on June 11th, 2008 at 10:17 am

Hi Antonio, Wanda and Sheryl

Bushmeat present a serious health hazard but many people don’t take this seriously due to ignorance, probably culture and poverty.

However, fighting bushmeat from a health hazard point of view has presented serious challenges to conservationist especially after Ebola outbreaks. If anti-bushmeat message is not carefully packaged, the affected communities can wipe out entire populations of “reservoir” primates species, thinking that this will eliminate the source of the disease and hence stop future outbreaks!!

These are some of the challenges that we are facing on as anti-bushmeat crusaders. Your good ideas on how to overcome this problem are welcome.

Mwenja


sheryl, washington dc on June 11th, 2008 at 11:15 am

Good grief, I hadn’t thought of that angle. So, how do we get the local people to value wildlife as much as some of us do?

s.


katie on June 11th, 2008 at 3:39 pm

I disagree with most of Sheryl’s first comment, but her second comment I think is right on - the gateway to real, lasting, and positive solutions for everyone is how to “get the local people to value wildlife as much as some of us do.” And, as Mwenja showed with his comment, the *reasons* for protecting the animals strongly affect how the animals are valued (or not), that is, what it is they are valued *for*. Health, wealth, well-being, knowledge, beauty, etc. And obviously some values (e.g. basic nutrition, safety, health, etc.) must come before others (long-term wellbeing, esoteric knowledge, aesthetic beauty). Eating the animals is presently a means to nutrition, money, etc. If protecting the animals can legitimately be a means to basic values, and not just “higher” values, then I think it’s possible for these communities to protect the animals in a lasting and effective way. Only when the basics are taken care of do “higher” values motivate people at all.

Alternatively, there is a way to directly protect animals because of their long-term importance to science, ecosystems, sensitive sensibilities and all the rest. It’s just not popular, and given the (un)reliability of many African governments (I don’t know the particulars of those in the Congo Basin), it’s not practically feasible currently. But, all you’d need is a Bill Gates or Google or some other obscenely wealthy individual(s), and a government that actually protects property rights, and they can buy the land, the animals, and everything on it - provide the current owners are willing to sell it at the price offered - perhaps even negotiating agreements for local communities to continue living on the land (although that’s a perk more than a necessity in the transaction). Whoever owns the land, with some basic information and counsel, they could choose to selectively sell it to those with explicit eco-interests, who can then fund more, better research.

But, if the government doesn’t recognize or systematically protect property rights, then the new owners would have to act like a little police force themselves, to keep poachers off their land, when that’s properly the government’s job. They’d go broke (or just give up) on security, rather than funneling additional investments into conservation, research, etc.

As I said, it’s not currently feasible - due to inadequate property rights protection (which is as much a problem for the Congolese as it is for Big Private Wildlife Preserve) - and it’s not popular, since most people (and especially eco-people) hate Big Money types on principle. Bad seeds in each camp don’t preclude mutually beneficial arrangements though, and if Sergei Brin is sending people into space on his own dime, he and people like him could easily take an interest in bushmeat species, the Congo Basin, and countless other really important things.


bushmeateastafrica on June 16th, 2008 at 1:33 am

Katie
I totally agree with you that on this statement, “ If protecting the animals can legitimately be a means to basic values, and not just “higher” values, then I think it’s possible for these communities to protect the animals in a lasting and effective way. Only when the basics are taken care of do “higher” values motivate people at all” and this is the point that some conservationist who fight legal and sustainable consumptive utilisation options miss. There are socio-economic costs associated with living with wildlife which we can not afford to ignore as the cost of such ignorance is huge to wildlife – we have lost 60% of our wildlife in less than 30 years under this misguided protectionist policies!!.
Mwenja


sheryl, washington dc on June 16th, 2008 at 4:22 am

To clarify, I am an ethical vegan. I believe it is wrong, morally wrong, to kill animals for food, or clothing, or entertainment, or to experiment on. I absolutely believe that many of the problems we’re having right now could be solved by veganism, especially wildlife extinction and global warming pollution.

That’s where I come from and it’s not going to change.

s.


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